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Influence of deformation and environmental degradation of Inconel 792

機(jī)譯：Inconel 792的變形和環(huán)境退化的影響

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摘要

Industrial gas turbines are often used as a mechanical drive for pumps and compressors or in power generation as an electric power supply. The gas turbine has for many years been a popular engine due to its flexibility with respect to different types of fuel and due to a design, that enables a high power-to-weight ratio. A simplified description of a gas turbine is that the engine consists of a cold and hot section. The turbo compressor section belongs to cold section and the combustion chamber together with the turbine section belongs to the hot section. In the hot section of a gas turbine, the condition is extremely severe because of an aggressive environment characterized by high temperatures, increased temperature gradients, high pressure and centrifugal forces resulting in large stresses on individual components together with an oxidizing and corroding atmosphere. Materials used in the high temperature section (hot gas path) of a modern gas turbine are different types of superalloys, as single crystal, directionally solidified or polycrystalline alloys, depending on temperature and load conditions. In the first turbine stage, temperature is very high due to exposure to the combustion gas. To handle the problem with creep, single crystal superalloys are often used in this section. In the second row of turbine blades, the temperature of the gas is lower and polycrystalline superalloys are typically used. IN-792 is a cast polycrystalline superalloy with high strength, good resistance to hot corrosion and a cheaper option than single crystals. In the hot section of gas turbine, IN-792 is a suitable material for components such as turbine blades and vans where a complex load condition, high temperature and severe environment prevails. Due to startup and shutdown of the gas turbine engine during service, the components in the hot section are exposed to cyclic load and temperature. This will generate mechanical and thermal fatigue damage in gas turbine components. Steady state temperature gradient arises by the cooling system acting at cold spots during service to introduce tensile stress, which indirectly gives rise to creep damage in the component. This work includes tree studies of deformation and damage mechanisms of superalloy IN-792. The first study is made on test bars exposed to thermomechanical fatigue in laboratory environment, the second and the third study is made on turbine blades used during service. In the second study, the machines are placed off-shore and exposed to marine environment. In the third study the machine is landbased and exposed to an industrial environment. In the second study, the deformation and damage mechanisms are compared between the turbine blades used during service and the test bars exposed to thermomechanical fatigue testing in the first study.
機(jī)譯：工業(yè)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)通常用作泵和壓縮機(jī)的機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)器，或在發(fā)電中用作電源。燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)多年來(lái)一直是受歡迎的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，這是因?yàn)槠鋵?duì)于不同類(lèi)型的燃料具有靈活性，并且由于其設(shè)計(jì)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)高功率重量比。燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的簡(jiǎn)化描述是，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)由冷熱部分組成。渦輪壓縮機(jī)部分屬于冷部分，燃燒室與渦輪部分一起屬于熱部分。在燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的高溫區(qū)域，由于高溫，高溫梯度，高壓和離心力等侵蝕性環(huán)境導(dǎo)致極端惡劣的環(huán)境條件，導(dǎo)致單個(gè)部件承受較大的應(yīng)力，并伴有氧化和腐蝕氣氛?，F(xiàn)代燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的高溫部分（熱氣路徑）中使用的材料是不同類(lèi)型的高溫合金，取決于溫度和負(fù)載條件，如單晶，定向凝固或多晶合金。在第一渦輪級(jí)中，由于暴露于燃燒氣體，溫度非常高。為了解決蠕變問(wèn)題，本節(jié)中通常使用單晶高溫合金。在第二排渦輪葉片中，氣體的溫度較低，通常使用多晶高溫合金。 IN-792是一種鑄造的多晶高溫合金，具有高強(qiáng)度，良好的抗熱腐蝕性能，并且比單晶便宜。在燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的高溫區(qū)域，IN-792是適用于部件（例如，復(fù)雜的負(fù)載條件，高溫和惡劣環(huán)境）的部件（例如渦輪葉片和貨車(chē)）的合適材料。由于在維修期間燃?xì)鉁u輪發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)和關(guān)閉，熱部分中的組件會(huì)承受周期性的負(fù)載和溫度。這將對(duì)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)部件產(chǎn)生機(jī)械和熱疲勞損傷。穩(wěn)態(tài)溫度梯度是由冷卻系統(tǒng)在使用過(guò)程中作用在冷點(diǎn)處引入拉應(yīng)力而產(chǎn)生的，間接引起零件的蠕變損壞。這項(xiàng)工作包括對(duì)高溫合金IN-792的變形和損壞機(jī)理的樹(shù)研究。第一項(xiàng)研究是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中暴露于熱機(jī)械疲勞的測(cè)試棒上進(jìn)行的，第二項(xiàng)和第三項(xiàng)研究是在維修期間使用的渦輪葉片上進(jìn)行的。在第二項(xiàng)研究中，這些機(jī)器被放置在離岸并暴露于海洋環(huán)境中。在第三項(xiàng)研究中，該機(jī)器是陸基的，并處于工業(yè)環(huán)境中。在第二項(xiàng)研究中，比較了在服務(wù)期間使用的渦輪葉片和暴露于熱機(jī)械疲勞試驗(yàn)中的測(cè)試桿之間的變形和損壞機(jī)理。

著錄項(xiàng)

  • 作者

    Kanesund, Jan-erik;

  • 作者單位
  • 年度 2017
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù)
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類(lèi)

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